You are correct, the troubleshooting tab is missing in Windows* 8/8.1. This is also discussed here: How to increase hardware acceleration in windows 8 Pro - Microsoft Community
Did you try uninstalling and reinstalling your graphics driver? Please provide the exact Intel® processor or graphics controller model if further assistance is needed.
You may also verify the status of the acceleration in Dxdiag. DirectDraw or Direct3D option is unavailable